‘THE HISTORY OF PHULMANI AND KARUNA; A BOOK FOR NATIVE CHRISTIAN WOMEN’ (Phulmani O Karuna Bibaran) is the first Indian language Novel, published in 1852 written in Bengali language, titled with ‘ফুলমণি ও করুণার বিবরণ, স্ত্রীলোকদের শিক্ষার্থে বিরচিত।’ by Hannah Catherine Mullens. The Novel has 10 chapters and the English Translation is also written by Hannah in 1853. It was printed in Sanders, Cones and Co., at Loll Bazar, Calcutta.

Now the novel is republished here with divided chapters of its 10 chapters. This is the 3rd/Last part of its 1st chapter.

THE HISTORY OF PHULMANI AND KARUNA PART-3

Phulmani and Karuna novel-AI illustration 4 by Surya
AI Illustration by Surya

Chapter-1 / Part-1

From hearing the foregoing conversation, I concluded that Phulmani was very religious and humble-minded therefore having told her to sit down again, I requested her to give me an account of herself. Whereupon she said, “Madam ! what more information shall I give you about myself? l have already told you all.” -Then I said, “ This Shundari, about whom you were now speaking with Karuna, who is she ? Tell me this; for if you hold the rose-bush which she gave you so dear, I suppose she is some one nearly related to you.”
 

Phulmani replied, “The lady judges well. Shundari is my eldest daughter; she is about fifteen years old. Two years ago her father was very sick for six months, which was a great distress to us. During these months, I can truly say, that for a single day we never had any better food than rice and vegetables ; still I never incurred a pyce of debt, for I fear debt as I do a snake. Indeed we were in great want of food, but one day reading the history of Elijah the prophet, I saw that God does not, in time of famine, suffer the people whom he protects to die of hunger, but that to preserve their lives, he gives the birds of the air charge to bring them food. (1 Kings xvii. 1—7.) The reading of this gave us great comfort in the time of our distress.”

Then I asked, “ Phulmani, how did you get your daily food ?” Phulmani said,—“ A cook was wanted for the family of the head teacher of the English school, Mahendra Babu. I considered that it was better to serve a stranger than to get into debt. Therefore I went there and got the employment. I was required to go every day in the morning, but at evening time I got leave to go home. Shundari was then at school, but in that time of distress, it was necessary to bring her home, for she was needed to attend upon her father when I went to my work. I got from the Babu three rupees a month, and by selling the cow’s milk we gained, after deducting the expense of the cow’s food, about two rupees a month more. In this way we managed to live for six months, eating coarse rice and clothing ourselves with coarse clothes. Before Shundari’s father fell sick, we had saved sixteen rupees ; for five rupees we had built a cow house, and for eleven rupees we bought a cow and a calf. If we had known before that such suffering was coming upon us, I imagine that we would not have spent this money ; still, in one respect, it was well that it was so, for from that time I always made some profit by selling milk.” Phulmani went on to say, “ After six months, through the goodness of God, Shundari’s father being somewhat recovered, he went again to his work ; but then it was necessary to pay the Kobiraj (village doctor.) He said that he had paid visits to us for six months, for which he could not take less than twenty-four rupees. When we heard this, we were in great anxiety, for we had not then the means of paying him five rupees ; but when God sees His servants in extremity, then He always delivers them. The truth of this we afterwards experienced.

At this time the sister of our Missionary came to stay for some days at the house of her brother ; she is very pious ; her husband is a doctor in Calcutta. This lady, seeing my daughter in the school, took a great liking to her, and having heard of our difficulties, she sent for me and said, ‘Phulmani, allow Shundari to go with me to Calcutta, I will teach her the duty of an ayah. I believe that she is a pious girl and I am very anxious to have such a person to be with my children. Although Shundari does not know anything of her work, yet I promise to give her food and clothes and two rupees a month as wages. Then after she is expert at her duties, I will increase them. If you agree to this proposal, I shall now give you a year’s wages in advance, that is, twenty-four rupees. With this sum you can pay your doctor’s charges and all your troubles will be at an end.’ Ma’am” (Phulmani went on to say) when I came home, I related all this matter to Shundari’s father, but as he was averse to parting with our daughter, I could come to no resolution for five or six days, and did not go to the doctor’s lady. All our neighbours said, ‘Don’t do such a thing on any account.’ Some said, ‘ Fie ! fie ! it will bring disgrace upon her family.’ Some said, ‘ Don’t, the girl will be ruined !’ Others said, ‘ You are exceedingly fond of rupees ; from covetousness you wish to send your daughter to do menial work in a strange place : Bonow money, and do not send away your daughter.’ When I heard the neighbours talk in this way,” (continued Phulmani,) “I also began to consider that to borrow for once was no great harm, and that by care I should soon be able to clear off the debt. But Shundari said, ‘ No, mother ! whence will you get the means of payment ? for the doctor says that unless my father now gets invigorating food, he will never be able to regain his strength; and, mother, you also, through hard work, are becoming very thin. You must now get good food and clothes, let me go to Calcutta, and do not mind what the people say, for I fear God and He will deliver me from all evil.”

 
“ Before we had come to any resolution,” Phulmani further went on to say, ” about Shundari’s going, a proud old woman came to me and said, ‘Well, Phulmani, last year you would not consent to give your daughter in marriage to my son Madhu ; now distress has come upon you. You should fall at our feet, and beg that the marriage should take place. But let that pass. I have forgiven all. Do not send Shundari to Calcutta, but give her in marriage to my son ; if you do so, your son-in-law will pay some of your debt to the village doctor.’—I said, ‘ No ! indeed, this shall never be. I have known your son from his childhood, it is true, and he calls me mother ; but for two or three years I have seen him, time after time, go into the spirit shop and drink spirits ; therefore, as I said in the days of our prosperity, so I say now also, that I will never give my daughter in marriage to a drunkard. Than such a marriage, the employment of an ayah is better a thousand times.’ On hearing this, the old woman got in a great passion and set about saying the most injurious things about us. She told the neighbours that Shundari was pregnant, and that I was sending her to Calcutta ; and she even said worse things than this. When her father and I heard such false accusations, we were greatly grieved, but that promise of God was then fulfilled to us, ‘ Every tongue that contendeth with thee, thou shalt condemn in judgment !’ for no one believed that Shundari was a ruined girl and all the neighbours blamed the old woman.”— Then I asked, “ What became at last of the young man who wished to marry your daughter ?”—Phulmani said, “This woman, ma’am, of whom we are now talking, this old woman’s son Madhu, wished to marry my daughter Shundari. A year after he married Rani, but she has twice ran away from him. Rani used to attend the same school as Shundari, therefore there was a great intimacy between them. On this account, after Shundari had gone away, Rani used sometimes to come and sit with me for a while, and tell me all her grief. But about three months ago, she told me that whenever she came to my house, her husband or her mother-in-law used to beat her severely when she went home. When I heard this I forbade her coming, as it is not right to do any thing that causes quarrels in a family.”
Phulmani and Karuna novel-AI illustration 5 by Surya
AI Illustration by Surya
“ You judged well,” said I; “ I shall ask more about this Madhu and Rani afterwards, meanwhile tell me what befell Shundari.”

Phulmani said smiling, “ It is very kind of you, madam, to be so anxious to hear an account of my daughter. When we could not in any way decide whether to part with her or not, I went to the Missionary to take advice on the matter. He had then gone to preach the Gospel and distribute books in the bazaar, but his wife asked me to sit down in her room, and then I waited till he returned. As soon as he came I told him the whole matter about Shundari, and asked him what he would advise. ‘ Generally,’ he said,  ‘I do not think it good for young Bengali girls to leave their father and mother and go to a distance, for young people are very fickle and thoughtless, and act according to the counsels of wicked people. But this is quite inapplicable to Shundari ; I have observed her conduct for two years, and I am perfectly convinced that she fears God ; and that not trusting in her own strength, she constantly asks for strength and instruction from Jesus Christ. On this account I say, let her go ! no one shall be able to do her any harm.’ He said moreover, ‘ See ! mother of Shundari, you are in adversity, and God is showing you this way of deliverance. You did not seek service for your daughter, and I, for my part, did not say a word on the subject to my sister, therefore when God Himself opens a suitable door, it is the duty of His servants to enter in.’ ”

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Phulmani continued, “ This saying of the Missionary made us decide to send Shundari to Calcutta. Next day the doctor’s lady, according to her promise, gave us a year’s wages in advance. With this we paid the Kobiraj, and for eight days were very happy. But after Shundari had gone to Calcutta, I was very unhappy; and Shundari’s father often said to me, ‘Phulmani, do not cry, you have acted according to the will of God, let this be your comfort.’ Eight or ten months after her departure, Shundari once came home with her mistress ; then I saw that she was well in every respect. : Her father also once went to Calcutta to see her , and now it is said that the doctor’s lady is coming here again in the month of Posh (December and January). Ah ! madam, if you saw Shundari, you could not but love her ! This rose-bush that has been broken, I will tell you why I regretted it so much. When Shundari returned from Calcutta, she brought the plant in her hand, and said to me, ‘ Take this, mother ! My mistress’ mali (gardener) gave me this plant. It is now but a little cutting, but if you take good care of it, then leaves and flowers will grow upon it, and when this happens, do you call to mind that merciful saying of Jesus Christ, ‘ If God so clothe the grass of the field, which to-day is and to-morrow is cast into the oven, will he not also clothe you, oh ye of little faith?’ On this account,” said Phulmani, “ I held this plant very dear, for it was a sort of remembrance of my daughter, and in times of sorrow, it was often a comfort to me ; for I know that God’s people are more precious in His sight than trees or flowers.”
 
My readers on perusing the above will know that I was greatly delighted on hearing this pious woman’s history ; and if there had been time, we should have had longer intercourse. But then the day was spent, and the chuprassi, being anxious about me, came and said, “Ma’am, seeing that you were staying long, I went quickly to the house and have brought the carriage, for you cannot return on foot in the dark, and now the horses are very eager to be off and will not stand still.” On hearing this, I reluctantly took leave of Phulmani. The two hours I spent in her house had passed very pleasantly, therefore I said that I should soon come again, and I got into the carriage. On the way home, many thoughts arose in my mind. When I remembered how mild was the bearing of Phulmani towards her troublesome neighbours, I thought, “Alas ! I have indeed more knowledge than this poor woman, yet I cannot say whether I always manifest love and patience like her; ” and when I recalled Phulmani’s firm faith and hope in God, I perceived that my own unbelief and all my unprofitable anxieties were very inexcusable and blameworthy; whereupon, being humbled, I offered up this prayer : “ O Lord ! I believe, help thou my belief.” Another thought arose in my mind, viz.— “ I have been but a little while in a Christian hamlet, yet I have seen very clearly that all the houses are not like Phulmani’s, and that all the women are not virtuous like her.” Thereupon, I, in the presence of God, with great humility, uttered the following supplication: “Oh ! Heavenly Father, fill me with thy Holy Spirit, and stir up compassion in my heart towards sinful people, that as long as there is one irreligious family in this village, I may not cease to give them instruction concerning Thee.”
 
On my return home I called my Mussulmani ayah, and told her in detail what I had seen among the Christians. Whereupon the ayah being pleased, said, “ When you go again to this place, will you kindly take me along with you?’ Having consented to this, I went into my own room. A little after, a great storm of wind arose, and knowing that my husband was then out in the district in tents, I began to be troubled and agitated, but remembering the words that Shundari told her mother to remember, I was thereby comforted, and fell asleep in peace.
 
To be continued…
Phulmani and Karuna novel-AI illustration 5 by Surya

Click here to read this part in Malayalam

ഈ അദ്ധ്യായത്തിന്റെ, പുതിയ ലിപിയിലുള്ള മലയാളം പരിഭാഷയ്ക്കായി ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്യുക.

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